Shipping lithium batteries by sea may seem complex, but it doesn’t have to be risky if handled correctly. This guide provides an overview of shipping lithium batteries internationally by sea, especially from China. We focus on the essentials: requirements, documentation, packaging, labeling, and the overall shipping process.
By the end, you’ll understand how to transport lithium batteries safely, avoid costly mistakes, and ensure full compliance with maritime regulations.
Can sea ship lithium batteries?
In short, yes—you can ship lithium batteries by sea freight, but you must treat them as Dangerous Goods (DG cargo).
Shippers classify lithium batteries under:
- Class 9 – Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
- Regulations defined by the IMDG Code (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code)
However, each battery type comes with its own specific requirements, so you need to confirm the correct classification before shipping.
Common types (Brief overview)
- Lithium-ion batteries (rechargeable)
- Lithium metal batteries (non-rechargeable)
- Lithium polymer batteries
While many guides focus heavily on battery chemistry, most shippers care about one thing: compliance. And in practice, that’s exactly where most shipping problems begin.
Key regulations for shipping lithium batteries by sea
When shipping lithium batteries by sea from China or internationally, the IMDG Code is the core regulation you must follow.
1. UN classification
You need to classify every shipment correctly before booking.
- UN3480– Lithium-ion batteries
- UN3481– Lithium-ion batteries contained in/with equipment
- UN3090– Lithium metal batteries
- UN3091 – Lithium metal batteries contained in/with equipment
Even a small mistake in classification can lead to shipment delays, additional inspections, or extra costs, so accuracy is critical.
2. Required documentation
Each document plays a role in ensuring compliance with IMDG regulations when shipping lithium batteries by sea from China. Missing or incorrect paperwork can stop your shipment immediately.
Core documents you must prepare
In most cases, you need the following:
- MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
- 3 Test Report
- Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD)
- Packing List
- Commercial Invoice
These documents confirm the battery’s classification, safety compliance, and shipment details.
Additional documents often required
Depending on the shipping line, route, and battery type, carriers may also request:
- UN38.3 Test Summary (mandatory in many countries)
- Battery specification sheet
- Transport condition statement
- Shipper’s declaration for dangerous goods (signed version)
- Container packing certificate (for FCL shipments)
- DG packing certificate
To avoid issues, always double-check your paperwork or work with an experienced forwarder who understands the requirements for sea freight of lithium batteries.
3. Packaging requirements
General packaging rules
No matter the battery type, you must follow these basic standards:
- Use UN-certified packaging that meets IMDG requirements
- Prevent short circuits (insulate terminals or use protective caps)
- Apply strong inner and outer packaging
- Use shock-absorbing and non-conductive materials
- Ensure packages can withstand vibration, pressure, and humidity during sea transport
Cartons, pallets, and outer packaging
Outer packaging also matters:
- Use high-strength corrugated cartons (typically 5-ply or stronger)
- Seal cartons securely with industrial-grade tape
- Place cartons on fumigated or ISPM 15-compliant pallets for export
- Secure cargo with stretch wrap or strapping to prevent movement
- Avoid overhanging cartons or unstable stacking
For FCL shipments, you must also ensure proper load distribution inside the container.
Packaging for loose batteries (UN3480/UN3090)
When shipping lithium-ion batteries by sea freight or lithium metal batteries as standalone cargo:
- Pack batteries separately (not with equipment)
- Follow strict quantity limits per package
- Add individual inner packaging to isolate each battery
- Use extra cushioning to prevent contact or movement
These shipments face stricter controls because they present a higher risk.
Packaging for batteries with equipment (UN3481/UN3091)
For batteries packed with or contained in equipment:
- Secure equipment to prevent shifting during transit
- Protect batteries from damage during handling
- Ensure devices cannot accidentally activate
- Use internal supports if needed
Exemptions for smaller lithium batteries
It is important to note, however, that there are also regulations that define size thresholds for both lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries. Batteries below these thresholds may qualify for exemptions from certain dangerous goods regulations.
Lithium-ion batteries
- Cells with a capacity of 20Wh or less
- Batteries with a capacity of 100Wh or less
These are commonly used in consumer electronics and may face fewer restrictions when shipping lithium-ion batteries by sea freight.
Lithium metal batteries
- Cells containing 1g or less of lithium
- Batteries containing 2g or less of lithium
These also qualify for similar exemptions when shipping lithium metal batteries by sea.
Labeling & marking for shipping lithium batteries by sea
Incorrect labeling is one of the fastest ways to get your shipment rejected.
Essential labels and marks
You need to include:
- Class 9 hazard label (Lithium battery label)
- Lithium battery mark (with UN number and emergency contact if required)
- UN number marking (e.g., UN3480, UN3090)
- Proper shipping name as defined by IMDG
These markings help carriers and port authorities quickly identify the nature of the cargo.
Key labeling standards
In addition to using the correct labels, you must ensure the following:
- Labels stay clearly visible on the outer packaging
- Labels remain durable and weather-resistant during ocean transport
- You follow IMDG specifications for label size, format, and placement
- Markings stay legible throughout the entire shipping process
For shipments of lithium batteries by sea from China, always double-check that labels match your documentation, especially the UN number and shipping name. Any mismatch can lead to rejection during DG inspection or at the port.
Container standards and loading rules
Generally, shipping lithium batteries by sea freight usually involves DG containers.
Key container rules
- Use containers approved for dangerous goods transport
- Follow strict segregation rules and keep cargo away from incompatible goods
- Apply ventilation measures if carriers or regulations require them
Loading considerations
- Avoid direct heat exposure during container stuffing and storage
- Secure cargo properly to prevent movement
- Follow correct weight distribution to maintain container balance
Important note: Improper loading can create serious safety risks.
Airsupply: Your best battery freight forwarder
At Airsupply (ASLG), we specialize in handling dangerous goods shipments, including lithium-ion, lithium metal, and lithium polymer batteries.
Whether you’re shipping small batches or full containers, our team ensures:
- Full compliance with IMDG regulations
- Fast documentation processing
- Safe and cost-effective sea freight solutions
