The Import General Manifest (IGM) is a mandatory document for clearing any cargo through customs. Knowing what an IGM is and handling IGM filing correctly helps prevent delays, fines, and customs issues.
What is an import general manifest (IGM)?
The Import General Manifest is a required document in international shipping filed before a vessel reaches the destination port. It allows customs to verify incoming shipments and kickstart the clearance process. Here’s a quick breakdown:
Definition: A legal declaration submitted by the carrier or agent to customs, listing all cargo on board before arrival.
Purpose: Enables customs officials to track, inspect, and process shipments for clearance. Without it, the bill of entry cannot be filed.
Key components:
- IGM number
- Vessel name
- Port of loading
- Line number
- Detailed cargo description
- The importer’s name and address
- Consignee details
Example of IGM in shipping:
If a company ships textile goods from Shanghai to Mumbai, the carrier must file the IGM electronically via ICEGATE. Only after customs review the IGM can the importer initiate clearance.
Why it matters
Accurate IGM filing gives customs authorities the information they need in advance. If the IGM is incorrect or submitted late, it can lead to penalties, shipment holds, and delays in the bill of entry filing, disrupting the entire supply chain.
Who is responsible for filing an IGM?
The carrier or an authorized agent(e.g., a freight forwarder or customs broker) is primarily responsible for filing the Import General Manifest.
For instance, in air freight, the airline or its designated representative submits the IGM electronically. It uses details from the Air Waybill (AWB) to ensure accuracy and compliance.
When and where should I IGM filing?
Carriers must file the Import General Manifest before the cargo ship or aircraft arrives at the destination. For sea IGM, this usually means 24 hours in advance, while for air IGM, the window is about 6 hours, depending on local customs regulations.
In some situations, such as when the carrier has already shared the cargo arrival notice, importers may also submit the IGM proactively. If updates are required, amendments can be made after arrival, but only with customs approval.
As for location, carriers file the IGM directly with the customs authority in the destination country, typically using official online portals. For example, in the UK, submissions go through HMRC’s digital system.
Each port or airport may impose specific formatting or technical requirements for IGM filing. However, most customs offices accommodate both electronic and manual submissions.
At ASLG, we streamline the customs clearance process by ensuring your IGM documents are complete, compliant, and submitted on time.
Think of the Import General Manifest as a cargo “heads-up” that the carrier sends to customs before the goods arrive. Filing the IGM in advance gives customs time to assess risk, flag potential issues, and prepare for inspection.
In contrast, the Bill of Entry (BOE) is submitted after the cargo arrives. The importer or their authorized agent files this document as an official declaration for customs duty assessment and clearance. It includes detailed information, like duty calculations, required licenses, import-export codes (IEC), and links to the IGM data. Without a correctly filed BOE, customs won’t release your shipment.
Here’s a quick side-by-side to make it clearer:
| Feature | IGM | BOE |
|---|---|---|
| Filed by | Carrier (e.g., airline, shipping line) | Importer or customs broker |
| When | Before cargo arrival | After cargo arrival |
| Purpose | Notify customs of incoming goods | Clear goods through customs |
| Key Role | Pre-assessment and risk analysis | Duty payment and cargo release |
| Data Required | Shipper/consignee info, cargo details | Full shipment breakdown, duty values, licenses, IEC |
Challenge 1: Incomplete or inaccurate IGM data
To prevent this, it’s essential to double-check all shipment details, such as the description, quantity, and value of the goods. Automated systems can help streamline this process, ensuring accuracy and minimizing human error.
Challenge 2: Delayed filing
Plan based on the vessel or aircraft’s schedule and monitor timelines closely to avoid this. At ASLG, we offer detailed schedules and expertise to ensure timely filing and keep your shipments on track.
Challenge 3: Post-submission amendments
Sometimes, errors in the IGM only become apparent after submission. If you need amendments, it’s critical to understand the customs procedures for making corrections.
Typically, this involves contacting customs officials, submitting a request for amendment, and waiting for approval. Customs will hold the cargo until the corrected IGM is received. Proper documentation and quick action can minimize delays and ensure smooth clearance.
The Import General Manifest is crucial in the import process, ensuring smooth customs clearance and reducing the risk of delays. For businesses navigating complex customs requirements or shipments, consulting with customs or logistics experts can provide valuable peace of mind.
At ASLG, we help guide you through the entire IGM filing process and beyond, offering tailored solutions to meet your shipping needs. With expertise in global logistics, we ensure that your cargo moves efficiently, avoiding pitfalls and minimizing risks.
