When your cargo doesn’t fit into standard containers, break bulk shipping is the go-to solution. Here’s a clear breakdown of what break bulk cargo is, how it works, and why it’s critical for industries moving non-standard freight.
What is break bulk cargo?
Break bulk (BBK) cargo refers to freight that’s too large, heavy, or uniquely shaped to fit inside standard containers. These items aren’t unitized. Instead, they’re shipped individually, on pallets, in crates, or as loose pieces, either loaded into the vessel’s hold or secured directly on deck. Moreover, they require specialized lifting equipment, custom rigging, and precise stowage.
Break bulk shipping is vital for industries such as infrastructure, mining, and energy, where cargo often exceeds standard container limits. That’s why this method falls under project logistics, and why break bulk vessels remain essential on major global trade routes.
What types of cargo qualify as BBK shipments?
- Heavy-duty trucks, semi-trailers, clean energy vehicles, yachts, boats, etc.
- Industrial machinery such as hydraulic presses, drilling rigs, or tunnel boring machines
- Infrastructure parts like bridge sections, concrete beams, or tower modules for wind and solar farms
- Odd-shaped freight, including aircraft engines, oversized generators, oil storage tanks, prefabricated structures, and mobile homes
- Custom trailers and transport frames designed for modular housing, exhibitions, or power equipment
Key differences between break bulk and bulk cargo
Although they sound similar, bulk and breakbulk cargo are two different shipping categories.
Bulk cargo includes unpackaged commodities like coal, grain, ore, fertilizer, or cement. Generally, shippers load these materials directly into a vessel’s hold using conveyors, chutes, or pipelines. Bulk carrier ships have open-top holds designed specifically for these operations.
In contrast, break bulk cargo consists of non-containerized, irregular freight, such as machinery, vehicles, or steel structures. Carriers should load one piece at a time, using cranes, gantries, or other heavy-lift equipment. Break bulk vessels typically have covered holds with hatch access and reinforced decks for securing oversized loads.
Break bulk vs. container shipping
| Feature | Container Shipping | Break Bulk Shipping |
|---|---|---|
| Limits | per container | beyond container limits |
| Handling | Crane-lifted as single, sealed units | Lifted individually using high-capacity equipment |
| Stackability | Easily stacked for space efficiency | Cannot be stacked & requires custom securing/lashing |
| Efficiency | Faster to load/unload at ports | Slower, due to individual cargo handling |
| Protection | Offers sealed, weather-protected transit | More exposed to elements unless specially packed |
| Cost | Cheaper for standard loads | Higher handling cost, but cost-effective for oversized cargo |
How is break bulk cargo handled in shipping?
- Packaging: Shippers often use custom crates, shrink wrap, or steel frames to protect the cargo during transit. For example, a 20-ton aircraft engine may require wood bracing and weatherproof covering before loading.
- Specialized terminals: Ports that handle break bulk goods rely on dedicated terminals equipped with heavy-lift cranes and reinforced staging areas.
- Loading and unloading: Stevedores use cranes or gantries to lift each BBK shipment onto or off the vessel, piece by piece.
- Securing the cargo: Once aboard, crews use dunnage, lashing straps, and chains to keep everything firmly in place.
- Inland transport: After unloading, oversized cargo often travels by specialized trailers, flatbeds, or barges.
A break of bulk point refers to the location where cargo shifts between transport modes, such as from ship to truck or vessel to rail. Unlike containerized freight, break-bulk cargo demands manual handling at every transfer stage.
At Airsupply, we offer end-to-end oversized and large cargo solutions tailored to your needs. Whether you’re shipping industrial machinery or heavy-duty vehicles, our equipment, expertise, and global network ensure safe, on-time delivery. Contact Now!
Pros and cons of this shipping methods
Still deciding if break bulk shipping is the right move for your freight? Here’s a breakdown of the advantages and trade-offs to help you make a wise decision.
Pros of break bulk shipping
- Perfect for oversized, irregular, or out-of-gauge items such as large vehicles or generators.
- Unlike container shipping, break-bulk vessels can carry ultra-heavy freight with fewer restrictions.
- Heavy-lift cranes, reinforced decks, and trained stevedores ensure safe and efficient handling.
- You can load from ports without full container infrastructure, making it ideal for developing regions or remote projects.
Cons of break bulk cargo
- Loading and unloading piece by piece takes longer compared to containerized operations.
- Each lift increases exposure to weather or human error, especially for fragile or oddly shaped goods.
- Not every terminal can handle break bulk cargo, which limits route and port choices.
How to book a vessel for large or irregular freight?
Break bulk shipping isn’t the fastest or simplest option. But when your freight can’t fit in a container, it’s the most reliable and effective way to move it safely.
Handling break bulk cargo requires precision, secure handling, and the appropriate infrastructure at every stage. That’s why working with an experienced global shipping partner is non-negotiable.
Airsupply has spent decades managing complex logistics for oversized and out-of-gauge freight. Our project cargo specialists handle everything from route planning and documentation to port coordination and inland delivery.
